MTS3000-使用应变计自动确定残余应力的系统
MTS3000 - The system for automatically determining residual stress using strain gages

组件的强度行为受其现有残余应力的影响，而没有任何可见的迹象。因此，目的是确定部件中的机械应力。使用钻孔法确定残余应力时，在工件上钻一个直径为1.6mm的小孔，并使用应变仪测量所产生的应变。

SINT Technology提供所需的放大器和MTS3000系统，使该过程可以舒适地实现。该系统使用步进电机，可在300,000 rpm的转速下钻孔。通过将孔逐步钻入工件而产生的应变变化将通过为此过程专门设计的应变计花环进行检测。

信号处理以数字方式执行。除系统控制功能外，该软件包还包括四种不同的评估算法，这些算法可使机械应力从测量的应变中计算出来。整个测量过程由PC控制。这确保了高度的测量可靠性以及佳的可重复性。

The strength behavior of components is influenced by their existing residual stresses without showing any visible signs. Therefore, the aim is to determine the mechanical stresses in the components. With the hole-drilling method for determining residual stresses, a small hole of 1.6mm diameter is drilled into the work piece and strain gages are used to measure the resulting strain.

SINT Technology offers both the required amplifier and the MTS3000 system which enable this process to be implemented comfortably. The system uses a stepping motor which permits drilling at 300,000 rpm. The strain changes arising due to the step-by-step drilling of the hole into the work piece will be detected by a strain gage rosette specifically designed for this process.

Signal processing is performed digitally. In addition to system control functions, the software package comprises four different evaluation algorithms which enable the mechanical stresses to be computed from the measured strain. The entire measurement process is PC-controlled. This ensures a high degree of measurement reliability as well as optimum reproducibility.

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残余应力：测量材料中的内力

在没有任何外力作用的情况下，由于内力的作用，材料中会产生残余应力。 例如，残余应力是由铸件的不均匀冷却，零件的焊接或锻造或机械加工引起的。

两种基于应变计的技术通常用于确定残余应力：

环芯法

钻孔方法

Residual Stress: Measuring internal forces in the material

Residual stresses arise in material due to the effects of internal forces without any external forces acting. For example, Residual stresses arise by non-uniform cooling of cast components, by welding or forging of the parts, or by mechanical processing.

Two strain gage based technologies are often used for determining residual stresses:

• The ring core method
• The hole drilling method

两种方法的共同特点是将应变计花环安装在工件上后，残余应力状态会受到机械干扰的干扰。干涉后，残余应力会在工件表面产生应变，并用应变计进行测量，然后用于计算残余应力状态。

使用环芯法，在相应的应变仪周围提取环形凹槽。

通过钻孔方法，使用铣刀在应变计玫瑰花结的中心钻一个孔。为此，可以交替使用两种方法：

积分法：积分法的结果是残余应力在整个深度上的平均值。

高速钻孔方法：SINT Technology为高速钻孔方法提供了MTS3000系统。钻孔机使用的是铣刀，该铣刀以300,000 rpm的转速旋转并由步进电机推进。通过为该方法专门设计的应变计玫瑰花结，可以检测由于在工件上逐步钻孔而引起的应变变化。

The common feature of both methods is that after installation of the strain gage rosette on the workpiece, the residual stress state is disturbed by mechanical interference. After thisinterference, the residual stresses cause strains within the surface of the workpiece which are measured with strain gages, and afterwards are used for calculating the residual stress state.

With the ring core method, a ring-shaped groove is extracted around the respective strain gage.

With the hole drilling method, a milling cutter is used to drill a hole in the center of the strain gage rosette. For this purpose, two methods can be used alternatively:

• The integral method: The result of the integral method is the mean value of the residual stresses over the total depth.
• The high speed drilling method: SINT Technology offers the MTS3000 system for the high speed drilling method. A milling cutter rotating at 300,000 rpm and advanced by a stepper motor is used for hole drilling. The strain changes arising due to the step-by-step drilling of the hole into the workpiece are detected by a strain gage rosette specially designed for this method.